Patricia Benner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Patricia Benner - Essay Example Benner proceeded to function as medical attendant for quite a while, remembering a period for an emergency unit, crisis room, as a staff nurture, and in home consideration. She at that point came back to the scholarly community, as an analyst at the University of California. In 1984, she composed the work which set out the fundamental standards of her persuasive speculations †From beginner to master †Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Benner had gotten extremely keen on the Dreyfus model of abilities procurement, and, in this work, adjusted this to nursing. Her fundamental expectation in doing so was to respond to the inquiry ‘how do medical attendants figure out how to do nursing?’ (enursescribe.com). This book depended on 21 arrangements of meetings Benner had led with recently graduated medical attendants and their preceptors. Moreover, Benner met or watched about 51 experienced clinical medical attendants, a further 11 recently graduated attendants, and 5 senior nursing understudies, trusting ‘to further depict and portray attributes of attendant execution at various degrees of instruction and experience’ (Benner, 1996, p.xiv). Among Benner’s numerous different works are the 1996 book Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics, with Christine Tanner and Catherine Chesla, and Caregiving, with Suzanne Gordon and Nel Nodding, distributed around the same time. Her work has had a tremendous impact on nursing preparing and practice, and as of now in 1985, the year after the distribution of From beginner to master, she was chosen for the association of the American Academy of Nursing. Benner has additionally been chosen a privileged individual of the Royal College of Nursing. This impact has additionally spread well past the United States. For instance, Benner’s work has given the premise to an updated arrangement of nursing practice and training in three states in Australia (earthlink.net). Benner suggested that a

How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery

How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery Abolitionist was the word utilized in the nineteenth century for the individuals who attempted to nullify the establishment of servitude. Ladies were very dynamic in the abolitionist development, when ladies were, as a rule, not dynamic in the open circle. The nearness of ladies in the abolitionist development was considered by numerous individuals to be shocking not as a result of the issue itself, which was not all around bolstered even in states that had annulled subjection inside their outskirts, but since these activists were ladies, and the predominant desire for the best possible spot for ladies was in the local, not people in general, circle. By and by, the abolitionist development pulled in a significant number ladies to its dynamic positions. White ladies came out of their residential circle to neutralize the oppression of others. Dark ladies talked from their experience, carrying their story to crowds to evoke sympathy and activity. Dark Women Abolitionists The two most celebrated dark ladies abolitionists were Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Both were notable in their time are as yet the most acclaimed of the dark ladies who neutralized subjection. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper and Maria W. Stewart are not also known, however both were regarded scholars and activists. Harriet Jacobs composed a diary that was significant as an account of what ladies experienced during subjection, and carried the states of servitude to the consideration of a more extensive crowd. Sarah Mapps Douglass, some portion of the free African American people group in Philadelphia, was a teacher who likewise worked in the abolitionist development. Charlotte Forten Grimkã © was additionally part of the Philadelphia free African American people group engaged with the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.â Other African American ladies who were dynamic abolitionists included Ellen Craft, the Edmonson sisters (Mary and Emily), Sarah Harris Fayerweather, Charlotte Forten, Margaretta Forten, Susan Forten, Elizabeth Freeman (Mumbet), Eliza Ann Garner, Harriet Ann Jacobs, Mary Meachum, Anna Murray-Douglass (first spouse of Frederick Douglass), Susan Paul, Harriet Forten Purvis, Mary Ellen Pleasant, Caroline Remond Putnam, Sarah Parker Remond, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, and Mary Ann Shadd. White Women Abolitionists More white ladies than dark ladies were conspicuous in the abolitionist development, for an assortment of reasons: In spite of the fact that the development of all ladies was limited by social show, white ladies had more opportunity than dark ladies to move about.White ladies were bound to have the pay to help themselves while doing abolitionist work.Black ladies were, after the Fugitive Slave Act and the Dred Scott Supreme Court choice, in danger of catch and transport toward the South on the off chance that somebody affirmed (appropriately or wrongly) that they were gotten away slaves.White ladies were commonly preferable taught over dark ladies were (despite the fact that not in any way on a standard with the training of white men), remembering for formal rhetoric aptitudes well known as a point in instruction at that point. White ladies abolitionists were frequently associated with liberal religions like the Quakers, Unitarians, and Universalists, which showed the otherworldly balance all things considered. Many white ladies who were abolitionists were hitched to (white) male abolitionists or originated from abolitionist families, however a few, similar to the Grimke sisters, dismissed the thoughts of their families. Key white ladies who worked for the cancelation of servitude, helping African American ladies explore a crooked framework (in sequential order request, with connections to discover increasingly about each): Louisa May AlcottSusan B. AnthonyAntoinette Brown BlackwellElizabeth BlackwellEdnah Dow CheneyLydia Maria ChildLucy ColmanPaulina Kellogg Wright DavisMary Baker EddyMargaret FullerAngelina Grimke and her sister, Sarah GrimkeJulia Ward HoweMary LivermoreLucretia MottElizabeth Palmer PeabodyAmy Kirby PostElizabeth Cady StantonLucy StoneHarriet Beecher StoweMary Edwards WalkerVictoria WoodhullMarie Zakrzewska Progressively white ladies abolitionists include: Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Elizabeth Margaret Chandler, Maria Weston Chapman, Hannah Tracy Cutler, Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, Eliza Farnham, Elizabeth Lee Cabot Follen, Abby Kelley Foster, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Josephine White Griffing, Laura Smith Haviland, Emily Howland, Jane Elizabeth Jones, Graceanna Lewis, Maria White Lowell, Abigail Mott, Ann Preston, Laura Spelman Rockefeller, Elizabeth Smith Miller, Caroline Severance, Ann Carroll Fitzhugh Smith, Angeline Stickney, Eliza Sproat Turner, Martha Coffin Wright.

Sample Persuasive Paper for Business Ethics

Sample Persuasive Paper for Business Ethics Persuasive Paper for Business Ethics Apr 5, 2019 in Persuasive Essay Introduction For a long time, it was common that most of the businesses did not include community development goals in business objectives. They were not considered as fundamental responsibilities. However, most of the organizations are learning that the cutting-edge innovation and competitive advantage includes integrating corporate social initiatives into business strategies. In most cases these considerations are achieved through corporate social responsibility (CSR). These are activities undertaken by the company in consideration of ethical values, legal requirements, as well as respect for the community and environment. In addition, social activities are supported through initiatives that contribute to community health. For instance, AIDS prevention, early detection of breast cancer, timely immunization, and education on how to preserve the environment. Moreover, support from corporations may take many forms, such as cash contributions, grants, promotional sponsorships, and technical experti se.

Womens Role In World War I - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2489 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: War Essay World War 1 Essay Did you like this example? Womens roles in World War I were limited because of the gender roles constructed in society at the time. In support of this, Janet Lee, who wrote The First Aid Nursing Yeomanry provides information on womens roles around the time of World War I and demonstrates the stereotypes that were present. Lee says that at the end of the nineteenth century women were considered passive, submissive, emotional, and self-sacrificing which led to their assumed inferiority at the time (Lee 144). Another scholar, Einav Rabinovitch-Fox, who wrote New Women in Early Twentieth Century, talks about the various female identities and how they changed with the progression of womens movements. Fox describes that by the turn of the nineteenth century, womens movements began to grow, including the rise of the Gibson Girl. The Gibson girl was a new image of female identity. This idealistic, slim, white woman, was often depicted engaging in leisure activities such as sports, or other outdoor activities. This was an improvement in the image of women at the time because it gave them more freedoms which allowed for the possibility that their long held domestic images were malleable after all. This newfound identity would pave the path for women to transform what women might negotiate for themselves as they sought to enter the public world (Lee 140). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Womens Role In World War I" essay for you Create order With the onset of World War I, men leaving for war left job positions open to be filled by women. With this, women were able to take on more positions in the homefront while simultaneously allowing for an expansion of roles in the military, through ideals of womanhood and womens unique nurturing and civilising qualities [which] supported claims for equality and civil rights (Vining and Hacker 335). Women were able to take on roles of care in the war as ambulance drivers and nurses, which is depicted in Radclyffe Halls short story Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself (1934). Additionally, some women who werent able to take on these roles instead supported the war effort in a different way, as is illustrated in I Sit and I Sew (1918) by Alice Moore Dunbar- Nelson. Even though this progression seemed to be a major advancement for women, men would not relinquish the power they held in society. Men had long held the positions of control and were able to make most of the decisions surrounding laws that worked to maintain their power. The state, composed of majority of men, did not want to allow women to enter the war because it would send a message that they were acknowledging womens rights as citizens, and therefore their ability to make decisions that would affect all of society. Considering the stigma that women were passive and emotional they were certainly not seen fit to make these types of decisions. Nevertheless, womens movements were advancing their agenda with the onset of the political New Woman. Unlike the previous ideal of womanhood associated with the Gibson Girl, the New Woman was mainly associated with the growing influence of women in politics and reform movements, especially the struggle for womens rights (Fox 6). Fictional wom en such as Miss Ogilvy and the woman in the poem I Sit and I Sew countered the social constructs of gender by contributing to the war effort despite attempts to hold them back. I argue that their contributions allowed them to challenge their traditional roles but did not allow for a complete revision of gender in society. In a poem written by Wilfred Owen in 1921, called Dulce Et Decorum Est the atrocities that occurred during World War I are described. World War I saw the onset of both trench and chemical warfare making it one of the most gruesome wars in history. With the onset of new technology enabling less soldiers to be on the front today, we often forget those who stood on the ground fighting with all of the brutalities of earlier methods of warfare. Because of this, poems that describe war, such as Dulce Et Decorum Est are important because they give the reader some insight on the experiences of war, including details of the chemical warfare: Gas! GAS! Quick-boys! An ecstasy of fumbling/ Fitting the clumsy helmets on just in time, but someone was yelling out and stumbling/And floundering like a man in fire of lime (ll. 9-12). In this quote, Owen describes the chaos of war, and his own experiences seeing men dying. Women in the home front were much aware of what was going on with the war and wanted to help fight. The fictional character Miss Ogilvy demonstrates proof of this in the short story Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself. Miss Ogilvy struggles with the social constructs present at the time, keeping her from fighting alongside her equal male counterparts. She describes how she felt not being allowed to take part in the war, how she wished to go up to the front-line trenches, she wished to be actually under fire, she informed the harassed officials (Hall 11). This quote tells the reader of Miss Ogilvys passion to fight in the war, not caring how gruesome it might be. Miss Ogilvy counters ideals of femininity at the time by demonstrating the very image of [women] as soldier[s].was fundamentally disturbing to wartime definitions of both femininity and masculinity (Watson 2004, 57) (Lee 145). Allowing women to enter the war whilst simultaneously enforcing concepts of femininity at the time, threatened both male and female ideas of gender roles. On one hand, men were considered brave for facing the brutalities of war and Womens military service disrupted the logic that only men were sacrificed as combatants, therefore only men might qualify for political citizenship (Lee 142). By allowing females, who were not considered functional outside of their domestic ability, to engage in the same acts that men were, it takes away from mens perceived braveness. On the other hand, it allowed women to demonstrate their capabilities in handling the same brutalities that men had always been glorified for, and thus supported womens movements towards equality. Women like Miss Ogilvy countered the stigmas by directly participating in the war. Miss Ogilvy formed an ambulance unit, which saw as much of the battle as those on the frontline without the same recognition. According to scholars Margaret Vining and Barton C. Hacker, in an article entitled From Camp Follower to Lady in Uniform, women in the late 1800s continued to push the bounds on what they were allowed to do in war and began forming organizations such as the Red Cross and others, that sought to include all classes of women, providing them with more leadership opportunities. Their increased roles raised to a new level the debate over the proper role of women in modern democratic society (Vining and Hacker 362). Real women, such as Vining and Hacker discuss, and fictional women like Miss Ogilvy set an example for women to follow, sparking the thought process that if one woman could do it, so could another. Radclyffe Hall provides evidence of this in Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself when she describes how Miss Ogilvy went to London and it was really surprising how many cropped heads had suddenly appeared as if it were out of space; how many Miss Ogilvies, losing their shyness had come forward, asserting their right to serve, asserting their claim to attention (12). This quote tells the reader that there were many women who thought the same way Miss Ogilvy did, and with numbers comes more strength. According to the article by Vining and Hacker, because women were so well organized on their own, when the war did begin, they took on active roles in the American Red Cross, which was one of the most far-reaching relief organizations during the war with eight million female volunteers. Because women were set up when the war began, men had no choice but to accept their help, allowing women to take some of the control that men had previously held. Contributions of women such as Miss Ogilvy and others like her allowed for a group of women to come together and push the bounds on what men would permit them to do. Women who were not able to help with the war effort in this way, seemed to have lesser involvement; in reality their influence made just as much of an impact to countering ideas of femininity as those who were directly involved. Some women seemed to be subdued in the roles society had provided; however, a quiet revolution was brewing in their minds. In the poem I Sit and I Sew by Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson, the narrator dreams of being allowed to participate in the war but is not able to because of the societal constructs that chain her to domestic duties. The speaker describes how she is forced to stay at home, which was common at the time because of the middle-class ideal of femininity inherited from the Victorian era [that] might locate respectable womanhood in the leisured activities of the domestic household and see it as unnatural for women to function outside this sphere (Lee 140). In the poem, the woman dreams of joining war but is constrained by gender roles and must sew, The little useless seem, the idle patch (Dunbar-Nelson 15-16). The monotony of the womans task causes her to question why she cant do the same things that men are allowed to do in terms of war. Questioning her own roles shows that she is no longer agreeing with them. Men recognized that once women started a movement, they would continue to push their agendas until their results of equal status were conceived, and wanted to keep them from actively trying to achieve this goal by keeping them busy with other things, such as sewing, knitting or gardening. The men keeping them oppressed did not realize that despite their hands being occupied, their minds were busy with plans and thoughts of war. Men did not consider their thoughts because of the belief that thinking of battle might invoke a passive and emotional response in women. Dunbar-Nelson describes wasted fields, and writhing grotesque things/ Once men. ( ll. 10-11). Because she conveys war in this way, it shows that the speaker does not glorify war. Just like Miss Ogilvy, she knows exactly what she would be getting into by joining the war. This is an attitude of nationality that men did not support women having. Enabling them to have this mindset would only reinforce the womens movements about equal rights because it would [instill] women with a sense of duty to society and nation (Vining and Hacker 359). This thought would threaten the existing structure of power because it implies that women will fight for what they want at all costs instead of being repressed as they once had been. The woman in I Sit and I Sew had this mindset and although she does not get to join the war effort in the poem, her contribution of thoughts helped make an impact on the minds of women around her, helping to further the growing movement of womens rights. However, both texts seem to imply that although their contributions were significant, society was never comple tely changed. In Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself there is a moment when the story shifts, and Miss Ogilvy travels back in time and becomes a male Neanderthal who has a female partner. During this chunk of the story, there is a battle going on between the two tribes. This portion is different from the rest of the tale because it exaggerates the gender roles present in Miss Ogilvys society. Halls use of gender swapping seems to imply the exact opposite of what Miss Ogilvy counters throughout the rest of the story. The Neanderthal man (Miss Ogilvy) refers to the female partner as his small berry(Hall 29), implying that she is weak and fragile, a stereotype of women during Miss Ogilvys time. Miss Ogilvy finds herself in the position of power she has craved all along. Finally able to fight and attain power in this fictional society, something which she was never able to achieve in her real world. Miss Ogilvys fantasy shows her as the ultimate contributor to the war by allowing her to be a male who dominates over females, and thus gaining not only the status to fight on the front line but also to make decisions concerning others. Miss Ogilvys ideal mate being the exact stereotype that she is fighting against seems to suggest that women will never gain any real power simply because they are women. Only the changing of sex into a male will allow them to achieve power in society. Hall could have portrayed Miss Ogilvys fantasy as a changing society in which women are allowed to fight and men are those that are stereotyped as weak. Because she did not do so, it shows that both Hall and the fictional character Miss Ogilvy believe that their status as women in society makes them eternally doomed to succumb to a power complex that will not change. Similarly, in the Dunbar-Nelson poem I Sit and I Sew although the woman imagines herself in battle, she remains confined to the domestic duties that she is unable to escape. Both Dunbar-Nelson and Hall seem to suggest that although women are able to make contributions to the changing of society, they fail to alter it completely. These texts challenge stereotypes of the time by placing the characters in contexts that dont agree with their predetermined gender roles, but they fail to bring forward a changing of society. Ultimately, the reader learns that fighting for a cause you truly believe in can only get you so far. Miss Ogilvy winds up dead by the end of her fantasy, and never returns to her real world. This proposes that the only way for her to escape the bounds of society is to disappear permanently, offering no resolution to the changing of gender roles. This is an issue that carries on decades after the war ended. Gender roles that were established before the nineteenth century have lasting impacts on what women are able to do in society today. Societal constructs created in the past, influence what jobs women are able to attain, pay they receive and many other aspects. Fictional characters like Miss Ogilvy and the woman in I Sit and I Sew demonstrate the ongoing battle to achieve equal status that women faced in the past and are still relevant in the present. Miss Ogilvy and the woman in I Sit and I Sew as well as real nineteenth century women, showed how their contributions to World War I challenged typical gender roles of society at the time. The poem and short story fail to bring forward a changing of society, showing that the battle for gender revision in society has not been won. Women are still faced with this issue today and will continue to fight modern ideas of gender construction just as those before them.

Descriptive Essay About Vacation - 1188 Words

As our children were growing older, we realized this year was probably our last vacation with all of our kids. As such my husband, Mike and I decided to take our kids and our dog by canoe and kayak almost 200 miles down the mighty Makenzie River. Jennifer aged 17, Shelly 13, and Ricky 9, prepared for a week without phones, stores, or television. Our plan was to canoe from Fort Simpson to Wrigley. Wrigley was the end of the road after the Mackenzie Highway. It would be an incredible family adventure. We loaded camp equipment, a canoe, a single and a two person kayak into two vehicles. The drive was long. It was 1600 kms down the road before we encountered the first set of several waterfalls the Northwest Territories has to offer.†¦show more content†¦Before our departure, we treated ourselves to breakfast at the local hotel. It was a wakeup call to the lack of availability of many things we take for granted in the south. All three of the kids ordered milk with the meal, but there was only one glass available until the truck bringing supplies would arrive later in the day. It was the same story with the apple juice. Unlike how the kids behave at home, I was impressed with how much the kids were willing to accommodate each other here. Early summer in the north brings the midnight sun where the daylight lasts 24 hours a day. We especially enjoyed this one night when the river seemed as smooth as glass. Our boats seemed to skim across the water with little effort. Because of the peaceful and effortless journey we chose to paddle until early morning before pitching our tents on a small island in the middle of the river. Eventually the hot sun of the day awoke us as the tents heated like ovens. Leaving the uncomfortable tents we were greeted with horseflies and mosquitoes that rallied around us looking for any point of bare skin to leave their nasty welts in our flesh. Back on the river, nearing Camsell bend, the mountains began. The Mackenzie Mountains are not near as tall as the well-known Rocky Mountains, and here the river widens to about five kms (Mackenzie River Trip, PDF.), but we soon discovered the south shore ofShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay About Vacation842 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2017 Narrative Essay The air was filled with salt and warm sunlight. The waves were crashing against the Hawaiian sand causing a beautiful and relaxing sound. With flapping wings and squawking noises, seagulls were stalking tourists in the search of food. The soft, hot sand was soothing to the touch. The palm trees danced in the swaying wind and the aroma of distant barbecues and sunscreen wafted in the air. As a native Floridian, the thought of a Hawaiian vacation was appealing. Hours ofRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Vacation992 Words   |  4 PagesIt was a few days before our plane left for Cancun, Mexico. I was going on vacation for my parents tenth anniversary. I also got to go with some of my friends who were, Trent Gleeson, Luke Bader, and Josh Hagedorn. My friends and I all played football and we were going to miss a couple days of camp and weights so we planned to use the gym at the resort. We were all packed and so excited to leave in the morning. We woke up super early so we could be some of the first people in line. Once we arrivedRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Vacation1179 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to mind when I say the word, â€Å"vacation†? According to Merriam Webster, vacation is â€Å"a period of time that a person spends away from home, school, or business usually in order to relax or travel†. My family (my mom, little brother, my grandmother, and I) take a vacation every summer to relax and have fun in the sun. Our destination and vacation spot this particular year, 2016, was the beautiful city of Panama City Beach, Florida. 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I would soon realize that vacations are not about the location, but that this is time to be carefree in the world, and just enjoy time with family. One Hundred and seventy six, fifty three, twenty eight, ten, one. I started my countdown five months before vacation. When June 18thRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Vacations1824 Words   |  8 PagesThe boring summers had already made their way in my boring life again this year. But this time it was the worst summer in the history of worst summers. The vacations of St. Stevens School always started early but this time it was planned one week before the time. I woke up and turned my face towards the clock. The minute hand showed me that I still had twenty five minutes to sleep but I somehow made my way out of bed and headed towards the washroom. I caught my glimpse in the mirror once I was holdingRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Summer Vacation1300 Words   |  6 PagesIt was a beautiful day to try something new at Doheny State Beach in Dana Point, California. It was a long year in fourth grade, and my family and I were excited to start our summer vacation. As we pulled our tra iler on the southbound I-5 freeway towards San Diego, I could see the temperature gauge on my father’s truck slowly dropping to the mid 70’s. We were in a packed car with my father, mother, older brother,younger sister, snacks and drinks everywhere, and me, entranced by the game on my brandRead MoreSummary Of Once More To The Lake840 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† author E.B. White reflects on experiences he has had throughout his life at a family vacation spot. Although he writes the essay as an adult, he focuses on many childhood experiences with his father at the lake, comparing them to experiences he is having at same lake with his son. White begins by recalling his first time at the lake. He examines the similarities and differences between the two generations of lake experiences through rhetorical techniques inRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man 869 Words   |  4 Pagesgot from his reactions to her. Even the children did not seem to respect the old lady. O’Connor’s story was very descriptive. Throughout the whole story there were little descriptions of setting that enabled the readers to have a very clear image of the scenery in the story. After some research about the author and the story itself, I came to find that most of O’Connor’s stories are about spirituality, salvation, and morality. From the information on Wikipedia, I found out that she was Catholic. ThisRead MoreLove in Anton Chekhov’s The Lady with the Dog Essay example1542 Words   |  7 Pagesand his love interest Anna, are given the emotional freedom to feel love toward one another. This freedom is the driving force in the story which represents an escape from their unhappy lives. Chekhov tells the readers about the forbidden love between two people during vacation through evaluation of the point of view, the setting, and the characters of â€Å"The Lady with the Pet Dog.† The definition of point of view is the vantage point from which the story is told. The narrator of â€Å"The Lady with

Bourdieu and social class within the educational system Free Essays

The subject of social class within the educational system seems to be the elephant in the room. Issues of race, gender, discrimination and making safe places are addressed constantly within the pedagogy yet we ignore the realities of social stratification, especially when it comes to the classroom and the curriculum we are expected to teach. According to Bourdieu, the education systems of western societies function in such a way as to legitimatize class inequalities (Bourdieu, 1977). We will write a custom essay sample on Bourdieu and social class within the educational system or any similar topic only for you Order Now Success in the education system is enhanced by the possession of cultural capital (which is etermined the dominate culture) and Lower-class pupils do not, in general, possess these traits. Bourdieu then supposes that the failure of the majority of these pupils is inevitable. This, he postulates, explains class inequalities in educational attainment. , For Bourdieu, educational credentials help to reproduce and legitimatize social inequalities, as higher-class individuals are seen to deserve their place in the social structure. Place in the social structure is not pre determined and education often is a factor in the upward mobility in SES. Muller and his team describe cross-national imilarities and differences in the two steps in which education intervenes in the process of intergenerational class mobility: the link between class of origin and educational credentials attained, and between these credentials and class position allocated to (Muller et al. , 1989). They conclude that the patterns of association between class origin and education, and between education and class destinations are similar across the nine nations. However, the strength of these associations demonstrates cross-national variations. This paper is one of the first comparative tudies of social mobility, which used the data sets collected in the early 1970s from nine European countries investigated in Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in Industrial Nations (CASMIN) project. Nevertheless, this article supports FJG hypothesis which argues that class origin inequalities in relative mobility chances will be roughly constant across nations . Social mobility, class and education is further explored through a longitudinal study conducted by Johnson, Brett Deary (2009). They proposed that social class of origin acts as ballast, restraining otherwise eritocratic social class movement, and that education is the primary means through which social class movement is both restrained and facilitated, thereby giving weight to Bourdieu’s theory of Cultural Reproduction. They conclude that parental social class attainment contributes to educational attainment, which in turn contributes to participant social class attainment, suggesting that educational attainment contributed to social class stability. Education is important to social mobility and, thus, appears to play a pivotal role in the association between ability and social class attainment. When looking at the relationship between ability and social class attainment, it is useful to also look at the different types of culture capital. Andersen and Hansen (201 1), for example, distinguish between two interpretations of cultural capital: â€Å"narrow’ and â€Å"broad. † The narrow interpretation refers a child’s exposure to ‘high cultural’ products or activities (Bourdieu’s concept ot objectified capital): tor example, having objects of art at home, or a tastefully furnished home, visits to the theatre or art museums, or playing the piano (p. 608). These signs of high culture may not mprove a student’s work in any objective way, but they are rewarded through subjectivity involved in assessing academic performance. The same is true of the broad interpretation of cultural capital, which is â€Å"general linguistic skills, habits, and knowledge, including cognitive skills,† which are â€Å"used in a strategic manner by individuals, who thereby may receive advantages or profits† (p. 608). This kind of cultural capital is passed from parents to children through school work (p. 608). Bourdieu’s description of educational capital encompasses this outlook. One of Andersen and Hansen (2011) implications in schools which supports Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital is that: â€Å"Students from classes with highest cultural capital will perform the best academically, on each horizontal level† (of social class) (p 611) This is often seen played out when looking at the Socio Economic Status schools. Bankston and Caldas (2009) examine how legal desegregation of American schools starting in the 1950s and 1960s was countered by de facto segregation due to â€Å"social class, residential patterns† and other forms of social marginalization. Since the verage socioeconomic status of a student population affects a school’s educational achievement levels, upper and middle class families eluded and hindered desegregation by moving to different school districts, suburban communities, by choosing private schools etc. Bourdieu’s concept of education through institutional capital sees education as a place where one acquires the skills to enter different positions within the labour force -and those positions in turn determines one’s socioeconomic status.. Bankstone and Caldas state that policy assumes that differences in educational achievements are caused by the concrete schools and in articular by its teaching staff. Schools are believed to determine socioeconomic conditions instead of the other way around. As educators, not only must we be aware that class differences are present in the classroom, but, perhaps, look for ways to minimize the gulf between classes and increase capital culture in those who do not possess as much as others. Technology may be one way to do this. There seems to be a push towards using new technologies in the classroom. Considering class inequality and cultural capital, an educational model that aims to bridge the divide by bringing students together to the ame level of technological proficiency would be desirable. Kapttzke (2000), following a case-study in an Australian school, concludes that integrating student- based projects using information technology is a way to bring students with tech sa’. n. y back from the brink of alienation. Kapitzke states that â€Å"teachers who ignore the texts, identities, skills and interests of the young do so at their own peril. † (p. 0) Faced with a growing techno-cultural capital gap, educators need to â€Å"view students as fellow explorers and co-workers† (p. 60) and possibly working on innovative rojects like revamping a school’s computer network. The student who led the project ended up teaching not only students but teachers too. Not only would cultural capital be affected, it is most likely that a student’s social capita l Conversely, a study done in Californian schools shows a different side of the story. Cuban (2001) and fellow researchers explored the paradox of high access to technology with low real use. This was explained by traditional constraints on teachers such as time and structure, as well as annoying deficiencies in the technologies, such as computer crashes, that limited teachers’ initiatives. The teachers stressed â€Å"that using computers in their classes made demands upon them that made their Job harder. † (p. 828) In the end, â€Å"inadequate time in the daily schedule to plan work together goes to the heart of teacher use of new technologies and their preferred teaching practices† (p. 28) and resulted in the teachers preferring traditional teacher-based discussions, lectures and activities supplemented with some time for technologies. Cuban and his colleagues believe that technology will never revolutionize the classroom; instead, â€Å"historical legacies of high schools in their chool structures and technological flaws will trump the slow revolution in teaching In conclusion, the Kapitzke article highlights an innovative practices† (p. 830 ). way of maximizing tech-sawy students’ cultural capital and thereby pushing for equality and integration. However, as the Cuban article points out, technology will likely be relegated to special projects when deemed appropriate by a teacher relying on various methodologies. While dynamic technologically innovative teaching methods have their place they are not the magic answer to solving cultural capital and class inequalities. How to cite Bourdieu and social class within the educational system, Papers

The Olympics Essays - Mythological Kings, Multi-sport Events

The Olympics Two and a half years ago, 1996 A.D., the world watched as the city of Atlanta, Georgia hosted the modern Olympics over a span of twenty-one days. The first modern Olympics were held 103 years earlier in 1886 at Athens, Greece. Many people don't know that there was an actual Ancient Greek Olympics that started over 2,500 years ago. These Olympics were also held in Greece, but not in Athens. They were held at Olympia a now archaeological site/town in the part of western Greece called Peloponnese. As stated above the Ancient Olympics were held in Olympia, Greece. In pre-historic times though, Olympia was home to temples of Cronus and Rhea (parents of Zeus) and Gaia, Mother Earth.. A low cone shaped hill called the Hill of Cronus dominates the area. Dorian invaders who came from Thessaly, ruled the land sometime before 1000 B.C. They worshiped Zeus and brought a new mythology to the area. They even named a pair of neighboring mountains Ossa and Olympus in memory of their native region. Olympia was not just the site of the games; it was also a place of worship. The sacred site was known as Altis, which occupies a meadow where the two rivers Apheios and Kladeos meet.. It is here where two important temples lay, the temple to Zeus, the king of gods, and the temple of Hera, his wife. The foundation of the temple of Hera was laid in the mid-seventh century B.C., and is among the oldest remaining examples of Classical Greek architecture. The temple stood for over 1,000 years and contained a statue of Hera enthroned with Zeus standing at her side. It is here, on a sacrificial altar, in front of her temple that the sun lights the torch for the modern Olympics with the aid of mirrors. The building of the temple of Zeus from 470 B.C. to 456 B.C. at the height of Classic Greek Architecture, coincided the successful defense of Greece against Persia. The temple had six enormous columns front and back and thirteen on each side. Each of the columns were made with the local conchiferate stone which was covered with a fine coat of lime. The temple itself is 210 feet long and over 90 feet wide and was the largest temple in the Peloponnese. The temple contained a huge statue depicting Zeus enthroned, made of gold, ivory, and chryselephantine. It was built by Phidias one of the best sculptor of the times, and is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is said to have stood forty feet high, but no one is sure because it was removed, in the fourth century A.D., by Christian Byzantine conquerors, to Constantinople. Soon afterward it was destroyed in a fire. The Olympics, according to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, were started in 776 B.C. when Iphitus, king of the city-state of Elis, and Lycaurgus, king of Sparta, signed a peace treaty. The games were open to all Greeks. The pact is inscribed in a bronze disk that hung in the temple of Hera. Elis that was rich in cattle and philosophers, never achieved the power of Sparta and its only claim to fame was the Olympics which it held inside its borders. Pausanis in the Descriptions of Greece wrote a more mythological approach to how the games started in the second century A.D. It is said that Cronus first reigned in heaven, and that a temple was made for him in Olympia by the men of that age, called the Golden race. When Zeus was born Rhea gave him to the Idaean Dactyls, named Herakles, Paesonaes, Epimedes, Iasius and Idas, for his safekeeping. Then Herakles as the oldest made his brothers run a race and the winner was crowned with a wreath of wild olive branch. So in turn the Idaean Herakles is credited to have first arranged the games, and to have given them the name Olympic. He also is said to have made the rule that they should be celebrated every four years. There are even more stories as to why the Olympics started. Some say that Zeus himself wrestled Cronus, his father, for the kingdom of heaven, and that they are held in honor

Sonoma State University Admissions Information

Sonoma State University Admissions Information Accepted students at Sonoma State University generally have C averages or better in their high school coursework. Applicants will need to submit, along with high school transcripts, scores from the SAT or ACT. With an acceptance rate of 76  percent, the school is largely accessible, and applicants with solid grades and test scores within or above the ranges posted below have a good chance of being accepted. Be sure to visit Sonoma States website for more information, and to start an application. Calculate your chances of getting in  with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Sonoma State University Acceptance Rate: 76  percentSonoma State GPA, SAT and ACT Score GraphTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 440 / 540SAT Math: 440 / 540​What these SAT numbers meanCompare Cal State SAT ScoresACT Composite: 19  / 24ACT English: 18 / 24ACT Math: 18  / 24What these ACT numbers meanCompare Cal State ACT Scores Sonoma State Description Sonoma State Universitys 269-acre campus is located 50 miles north of San Francisco in some of Californias best wine country. The school owns two nature preserves that provide research opportunities for students in the natural sciences. Sonoma States schools of Arts and Humanities, Business and Economics, and Social Sciences are all extremely popular among undergraduates. The university offers 45 bachelors degree programs and 16 masters programs. In athletics, the Sonoma State Seawolves compete in the NCAA Division II  California Collegiate Athletic Association. Sonoma State is one of the  23 Cal State schools. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 9,323  (8,631 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 37  percent male / 63 percent female90 percent full-time Costs (2016 -17) Tuition and Fees: $7,388 (in-state); $18,548 (out-of-state)Books: $1,790 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,146Other Expenses: $2,854Total Cost: $25,178 (in-state); $36,338 (out-of-state) Sonoma State Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 72  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 62 percentLoans: 46  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,430Loans: $5,717 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice Studies, English, Environmental Studies, Health and Physical Education, History, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Psychology, Sociology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 80  percentTransfer Out Rate: 6 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 28 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 61  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Basketball, Golf, Baseball, Tennis, SoccerWomens Sports:  Basketball, Softball, Soccer, Golf, Volleyball, Water Polo, Track and Field Admissions Profiles for Other Cal State Campuses Bakersfield  | Channel Islands  | Chico  | Dominquez Hills  | East Bay  | Fresno State  | Fullerton  | Humboldt  | Long Beach  | Los Angeles  | Maritime  | Monterey Bay  | Northridge  | Pomona (Cal Poly)  | Sacramento  | San Bernardino  | San Diego  | San Francisco  | San Jose State  | San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly)  | San Marcos  | Sonoma State  | Stanislaus More California Public University Information SAT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsACT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsThe University of California SystemSAT Score Comparison for the UC SystemACT Score Comparison for the UC System Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

How to Teach English Using Newspapers

How to Teach English Using Newspapers Newspapers or magazines are a must-have in every classroom, even beginner classrooms. There are a number of ways to use newspapers in the classroom, ranging from simple reading exercises to more complex writing and response assignments. Here are suggestions on how to use newspapers in class arranged by linguistic objective.   Reading Straight forward reading: Have students read an article and discuss.Ask students to find articles from different nations on a global topic. Students should compare and contrast how different nations cover the news story. Vocabulary Focus on word forms using colored pens. Ask students to circle different forms of a word such as worth, worthy, worthless, etc. in an article.  Ask students to find various parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.Make a mind-map of an article relating ideas through vocabulary.Focus on words related to certain ideas. For example, ask students to circle verbs that are related to finance. Have students explore the differences between these words in groups. Grammar Discuss the use of present perfect for recent events that have an effect on the current moment by focusing on truncated newspaper  headlines that use the past participle such as  XYZ Merger Done Deal, Law Approved In SenateUse colored pens to focus on grammar points. For example, if you are studying verbs that take the gerund or the infinitive, have students highlight these combinations using one color for gerunds and another color for infinitives. Another option is to have students highlight different tenses in different colors.Photocopy an article from a newspaper. White out key grammar items that you are focusing on and have students fill in the blank. For example, white out all the helping verbs and ask students to fill them in. Speaking Break students up into groups and read a short article. Students should then write questions based on this article, and then exchange articles with another group providing questions. Once groups have answered the questions, get students into pairs, one from each group, and have them discuss their answers.Focus on ads. How are the ads pitching their products? What messages are they trying to send? Listening / Pronunciation Ask students to prepare two paragraphs from a newspaper article. First, students should all the content words in the passage. Next, have students practice reading the sentences focusing on using correct intonation of the sentence by focusing on content words. Finally, students read to each other asking simple questions for comprehension.Focus on an IPA symbol or two through the use of minimal pairs. Ask students to underline example of each phoneme practiced. For example, have students compare and contrast the phonemes for the short /I/ sound and the longer ee of /i/ by looking for representative words with each phoneme.Use a news story that has a transcript (NPR often does provides these on their website). First, have students listen to a  news story. Next, ask questions about the main points of the story. Finally, ask students to listen while reading the transcript. Follow up with a  discussion. Writing Have students write short summaries of news stories they have read.Ask students to write a newspaper article of their own for a school or class newspaper. Some students can do interviews, others take photos. Alternately, use the same idea to create a class blog.Lower level students can use photos, charts, pictures, etc. to begin writing descriptive sentences. These can be simple sentences describing what someone is wearing to practice related vocabulary. More advanced students can write about the back story of photos such as why the person was in a certain situation shown in a photograph.

Chinese Yuan vs. US Dollar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chinese Yuan vs. US Dollar - Essay Example The use of the two currencies in trade began in 1985 on a bilateral arrangement between the two countries. In 2008, the volume of imports from China hit the $337.8 billion mark. The China government has increased the use of the Yuan in foreign trade over the years leading dynamism in its exchange rates with other world currencies. According to economists, the China government is suspected to devalue the currency in order to increase the competitiveness of their local industries. In addition, the Chinese Yuan is less flexible with respect to the exchange rate against the US dollar and other world currencies. An effort to increase the flexibility of the Chinese Yuan by the government has resulted to the use of the currency internationally. The objective is increasing the use of the currency and achieving its use as a reserve currency in the long term (Derosa 2011). The last five financial years indicate a relatively stable exchange rate between the Chinese Yuan (CNY) and the US dollar (USD). The table below indicates the official exchange rates posted in the two countries’ markets. The record shows how much one US dollar is equivalent to the Chinese Yuan Year USD Chinese Yuan 2009 1 6.8314 2010 1 6.7703 2011 1 6.4615 2012 1 6.3123 2013 1 6.1910 Since 2009 to date, the value of the Chinese Yuan has been increasing. ... changes in the exchange rate can be attributed to the control efforts of the Chinese Yuan flexibility in the exchange market by the Chinese government (Exchange-Rates.org 2013). From 2005 to 2008, the Chinese government allowed the appreciation of the dollar to 21%. However, the global economic crisis prompted China to stop the appreciation and regulate the exchange rate flexibility. From 2008 to 2010, the exchange indicated minimal changes since the rate was maintained at about 6.83 Yuan (Exchange-Rates.org 2013). Amid the then economic conditions, the Chinese government continued with their reforms in the exchange rate thus increasing the currency’s flexibility again. This led to an appreciation of the exchange rate leading to a loss of value by the Yuan against the dollar. The controlled flexibility of the Yuan leads to a slowed appreciation of the dollar against the Yuan. The slight change in the exchange rate of these currencies is caused by the fixed exchange rate regime maintained by China with regard to their currency. The depreciation of the US dollar over the years also contributes to the decrease in the exchange rate between the CNY and the USD. The USD has lost value against the Yuan and other major currencies across the world especially during the global financial crisis. The Chinese Yuan/US dollar exchange rate in 2012 portrayed several movements that ranged between an increase and a decrease in value of the Yuan against the dollar and the loss of value of the dollar against the Yuan. The table below shows the values of the exchange rates between the Yuan and the dollar. The values are on quarterly basis with the USD as the base currency (Wang 2009). Month (2012) USD Yuan January 1 6.6233 April 1 6.3077 August 1 6.3604 December 1 6.2223

Knowledge of management & Information systems Assignment

Knowledge of management & Information systems - Assignment Example Knowledge management can be described as an organisation’s ability to share, create as well as use the collective information about its processes, products as well as human resource for increasing workplace productivity and reducing activities that put the company in backward position. As organisations are seeking advantage in highly competitive markets, they are increasingly looking for an untapped resource which is knowledge of their employees and organisation’s resources (Alavi and Leidner, 2001). Problems regarding knowledge management can creep in various forms. These can be unsuccessful alignment of knowledge management strategies applied within the organisation. It can also be failure in understanding and incorporating knowledge management into the daily activities of individuals. Another major knowledge management issue faced by organisations in the current business environment is focussing knowledge efforts within organisational boundaries only. Wide disparitie s in maintaining up-to-date infrastructure as well as cultural diversity make knowledge management challenging and cumbersome, especially in developing countries. Though TPMT is based in United States, majority of its client base is in Africa. Thus, culture disparity and lack of technology and resources have created contextual issues for the company. Even though the company is able to meet human resource needs, cultural and infrastructural gap create major problems in the business operations. Thus, it can be concluded that cultural. and infrastructural gaps are the major knowledge management business problems faced by TPMT. Global Diversity in culture has reflective implications on the successful plan and implementation of various Knowledge Management projects. Thus, while creating organisational objectives, global organisational contexts such as, innovations and performance, should be taken into consideration (Avgerou, 2002). In the present case study, the company is facing problems such as, lack of commitment among directors as well as part-time workers in African countries. The directors also face difficulties in enhancing relationships among employees, customers and agents. It is evident that the organisation lacks engagement from the employee’s perspective. Thus, establishing better interaction between organisation and its agents will help in building confidence and loyalty towards the company (Yue, et al., 2009). Web 2.0 Overview The term, Web 2.0, is used to describe various websites and their applications which allow users to create, share and update online information as well as other materials created by them. A major key element of this technology is that it helps individuals to create, collaborate, share and communicate. The major difference between Web 2.0 and other websites is

Strength Based Model Case Management Social Work Essay

Strength Based Model Case Management Social Work Essay A theory of service delivery that focuses on the individual strengths instead of weaknesses. This model is based on the understanding of the individuals deep internal resources and ability. The purpose of this model is to help survivors identify this strength and build life upon them. During the treatment, the clients must participate in the process of their recovery which controls the direction and pace of healing efforts. Each client helps his or her own plan for personal wellness. The plan is based on the clients psychological, medical, or legal needs. Together, the client and case manager regularly review the progress, discuss achievements and changes, and modify goals based on the clients evolving situation and needs. When a client is granted asylum, the case manager continues to provide assistance to satisfy the clients needs. This may include helping the client find information on educational or employment opportunities. Assessment: The strength based model focus mainly on developing and finding the clients strengths and abilities and makes a plan based on this. As this model considers the wellbeing of the clients, so the participation of the client in the treatment is very important. The client must figure out their needs of any aspects and give feedbacks of the current treatment. According to this point, the model is very adaptable to individuals as the diversity of their different situations. But this kind of model just encourage the client to live life as what they want and they can so the disability part has been left over which is very important in making progress. Planning: The strength based model needs a very detail and flexible service plan at the beginning which carried out mainly depends on the clients own abilities and needs because the client will live a life based on the plan. And the plan will be change over time because during the treatment the client and the case manager have to review the changes and progress that the client has met so the goals will be modified based on the reality and the process of achievement. Coordinating: The strength based models require a high standard of the coordinating between the client and the case manager. The case manager will give the client professional suggestions and make plans according to the clients condition which maybe not very consistent with the clients imagination and needs. But the client should be considerate since the accessibility and the efficiency. And the case manager should also have a regular contact with the client and be ready to make any changes to make sure the plan is always suitable and updated. Strengths and weaknesses of the strength based model: The strength of the strength based model is that it is easy to be carried out because it is based on the clients needs and ability so the client will be very cooperative during the treatment. And the psychological needs of the client are easily to be met so the confidence will be built to the client. It is very good to the clients mental health. Besides, the clients strengths are well maintained and developed. But the weaknesses of this kind of model are also obvious. It is because this kind of model only concerns about the strength so the weakness of the client has been ignored. But at many times the weakness plays the main role of whether the treatment is successful or not so the weaknesses cant be improved. Perspectives of the disability people: The strength based model is very practical for the disabled. Client empowerment is a central theme to this approach. To empower a client, the evaluation must be made to the disabled person and thus the achievable goals will be made along with the evaluation so a well-organized plan will be carried out to achieve the goals and the possibility of the success will hopefully be very high. Critics of the strength perspective suggest this is simply reframing problems in a better light. No one will succeed while being convinced that they will fail. Summary of the expected outcomes for the disabled: For the strength based model, the expected outcomes is that the mental health of the client is strengthened and many the disabled can joint well to the society like the normal people without much mental barriers. In addition, the client may develop certain advantages to a high level and gain some achievement better than normal person. But the disabled part cant be improved. Case management Model A collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation and advocacy for options and services which is aim to meet an individuals holistic needs through communication and available resources to promote quality cost-effective outcomes.Case Management has been used to a wide range of issues including community care for the aged, and people with disability and mental health issues; acute health settings; injury management and insurance related areas; correctional services; court systems; in the management of chronic health conditions; child and youth welfare; at risk populations in schools; managed care and employment programs. The case management model requires the organization deliver a range of services based on the comprehensive assessment that is used to develop a case or service plan. The plan is developed in collaboration with the client and reflects their choices and preferences. Case Managers provide the coordinating and specialist activities that flow from the particular setting, program and client population. However it is usual to identify the following process as core to Case Management: screening, assessment/risk management, care planning, implementing service arrangement, monitoring/evaluation and advocacy. Assessment: However the case management model is a bit similar to the strength based models as they both respect the needs of the clients. But the case management model focus on the hobbies of the client and encourage them to attend relative activities so that the purpose of treatment is achieved during the community time. So that this model is also based on the clients abilities in some degrees and can maintain the clients past lifestyle and an active mind and body as much as they can. But there will be many potential barriers hidden behind like the decrease of the clients health condition or the bad weather. So there will be many uncertain situations so the achieving of certain goals will require a long time and patience. Planning: Comparing with the strength based model, the case management model plan is relatively fixed because the clients hobbies and preference are stable. Based on this a long term plan is worked out and the plan will be seldom changed. But the plan is not very detail because its just an optional orientation. Coordinating: The case management requires coordination between the activity coordinator and the client as well as the relationships among different clients who participate in the activities. And the coordinator also has to consider the clients physical ability and other element like the economy and the climate and so on make sure the arrangement is made in advance. Strengths and weaknesses of the case management model: Like the strength based model, the case management model is also very easy to be executed since it is based on the priority of the clients to the activities according to their interests. This model is good for both the mental and physical development of the clients. But the weakness is that it is easy to be influenced by the uncertainty elements like the natural disasters and the clients health conditions and any personal issues of each part. Also this model cant be updated with the time going on along with the aging and the decrease of the clients health. So at the end, the client does maybe have no ability to participate or the quality of the participation is going down. Perspectives of the disability people: The strength based model is very practical for the disabled. Client empowerment is a central theme to this approach. To empower a client, the evaluation must be made to the disabled person and thus the achievable goals will be made along with the evaluation so a well-organized plan will be carried out to achieve the goals and the possibility of the success will hopefully be very high. Critics of the strength perspective suggest this is simply reframing problems in a better light. No one will succeed while being convinced that they will fail. Perspectives of the disability people: The case management model is widely used in our lives and its easy to be carried out. The perspective is that this model will be continuingly development and improved during the practice in reality. It will play a main role in the recovery or dealing with the disability problems. The potential ability and interests will be found during the process of the treatment so there will be a bright future of this model. Summary of the expected outcomes for the disabled: For the case management model, the clients life is fulfilled and interesting than before. Also this is very good for the psychological development like the strength based model. And it will be a big contribution to the arrangement of the arrangements of the physical therapy. But this model is not good for finding an occupation for the client and it is easy to make the client depend on others. Comparisons of the two models The strength based model focus mainly on developing and finding the clients strengths and abilities and makes a plan based on this. However the case management model is a bit similar to the strength based models as they both respect the needs of the clients. But the case management model focus on the hobbies of the client and encourage them to attend relative activities so that the purpose of treatment is achieved during the community time. Comparing with the strength based model, the case management model plan is relatively fixed because the clients hobbies and preference are stable but the strength based model is very flexible and keep changing with the clients condition. The two models also have difference with the coordinating part. The strength based models need a high level of coordinating between the client and the case management however the case management model requires a good relationship between the activity coordinator and the client as well as the relationship among cli ents. If the clients have mental goals we suggest that they choose the strength based model but if the client has the needs of physically requirement then wed better use the case management model for her.

Renaissance And Enlightenment

Blair and Games wanted to grow the appreciation for British literature, and Campbell wanted to give the appropriate insights of English philosophy (peg 170). Yet, Britain, during this time was growing as an empire in the world, and wanted to be recognized for its language ND institutions they made, to be equal to all of Europe. George Campbell interest in the scientific site of rhetoric of a humans mind, is close to Plat's speculations about psyche in which each part gives out its own rhetoric (peg. 184). Whitely saw that rhetoric would be the center of arguments.He felt that rhetoric would dominate in arguments that involved concerns and skills (174). Belletristic Movement's, however, were interested in the language of rhetoric, much like Georgia and Longings. The 18th century sees rhetoric at the head of educational concerns. Going through chapter 8 of the textbook, it appears that rhetoric really never died out. It Just evolved into the next phase that it was needed in. Yet, we se e still, that rhetoric is still studied Just as the people in Greece used it. It has become apparent that no matter how rhetoric changes, people still use rhetoric as it was intended.These people are Just merely trying to find ways to enhance its abilities so it can be used throughout the country, and be shared with others. Warwick argues that rhetoric shifts from producing public discourse, to enhancing its consumption (peg. 184). Rhetoric, during the time of the renaissance, was used as a subject of study (peg 160). During this period, rhetoric was how people were educated. There was a movement known as the Italian Humanism, that helped with rhetoric's influence between 1300 and 1750 (peg 50). Rhetoric was given attention by important figure like, Patriarch and Villa.Due to their attention to this subject it grew the status of rhetoric immensely, because of their status in society. These people used rhetoric as a way to argue against philosophical thinking. Going back to Humanism; it mixed principles from Christianity. It led to a search for new education. They ended up using rhetoric as a way to question the â€Å"status quo† (153). Patriarch, was one of many figures during the renaissance, who used rhetoric to refine culture. Rhetoric raised to a place of high importance by humanists because of what rhetoric was capable of doing.It gave the potential to give new insight and it was able to preserve future values (160). Due to Cicerone's findings, Patriarch was big in liberal arts, and the life of political involvement. Rhetoric was able to help form an effective government during the renaissance. The renaissance, was probably the most important time for rhetoric. It was at its peak and used by public figures everywhere. There was never a greater time for rhetoric because it was used in importance, such as education, probably the most important subject of all.Also, as the book states, rhetoric was used in more political terms like Cicero attempted to do. Thanks to the renaissance, rhetoric lived on and was taught throughout the years. There were four main ideas during these two era's that coincide with each other. The first two would be the education that went on during the renaissance era, and enlightenment era. These two subjects were huge for these era's. Along with, the differences between Whitey's view on rhetoric and George Campbell view on rhetoric.Their different view on what rhetoric is, their ideas, pretty much made their separate era's. Whitley believe that rhetoric was really an art. Whitely also connects rhetoric with logic by defining argumentative composition as an offshoot of logic (World Press). Whitley also, believed that rhetoric could be used for evil purposes Just like Cicero did. This connects back to Augustine argument that rhetoric is to be sustained thin the church so it may not be able to be used with evil intentions. There is no amount of success that any student will have when studying rhetoric.In Wat tle's own words,† learning more doesn't teach you to think well but that thinking well will help you to learn more (World Press). Whitley viewed that in order to know the educational side of rhetoric it has to be comprised exercises that are relevant to students' studies, current events, and personal lives. â€Å"Whitely argues that the systems help to improve natural abilities but they cannot supersede natural ability. Once a student has learned the system, he can manipulate it, but this again does not mean that his ability has improved (World Press). I believe in what Whitley believes in. I can see how rhetoric could be used for evil, if it was something that was so powerful among society back in his time. I also believe in his teachings, or at least the way rhetoric should be taught. It is in my understanding since taking this course, that rhetoric is a difficult subject to understand. The way that Whitley views rhetoric, it is not something that can be taught through a bo ok. For someone to understand rhetoric they have to be taught wrought real life. Through trial and error, with examples or situations on using it properly.Campbell, on the other hand, believed reasoning is a natural part of rhetoric. Rhetoric begins with the search for truth and then proceeds to persuasion, the attempt to move the will to ethical action. See, what Campbell saw rhetoric as, was the scientific side of it. He did not believe it could be used for evil like Whitley believed. According to our book, George Campbell was one of the most important rhetorical theorists of the 18th century (peg. 179). Campbell was open to new ideas, ND intended to develop a new rhetoric that incorporated insights of the Enlightenment period (peg. 79). He thought that he was laying a foundation of classical rhetoric, and hoped to one day be able to move past those traditions and create something his own. Campbell advanced beyond traditional scientific rhetoric, but science meant something differ ent for him. The one thing, that Campbell and Whitley disagreed on, was argumentation. Whitley did not care about the larger philosophical issue's on rhetoric. Whitley was always focused on the issues of argument (peg 182). He was most known for his concussion of types of argument and debate (peg. 182).Whereas Campbell, was only concerned to understand how the mind works. He believed that if you understood a person's mind, you had control over them. On this bases I truly agree with Campbell on the thoughts of argumentation. Reason being is I truly think that if someone knows someone mind, and knows how they thing, they ultimately know what makes a person tick. They will truly know the best way to win argumentation with another person, in the quickest way possible. Each person, during an argument, has some sort of weakness, a click that when shushed by someone else will ultimately give up.When knowing a way someone thinks, you can reach that point a lot quicker than others. The Enlig htenment era and Renaissance era, are two very different periods in history. The Renaissance era is put with the advances of certain subjects. Such as: literature, architecture, humanism, and world economy. Meanwhile Enlightenment era advanced, different scientific methods, industrialization, rationality, astronomy, and calculus (wise geek). While doing some research on both era's one name in particular kept coming up. His name, Marcus Tulips Cicero.It was through him that the thinkers of the Renaissance and Enlightenment discovered the riches of Classical rhetoric. In the Enlightenment era, public figures, such as George Campbell, used some of Cicerone's works to help shape his own way of thinking. He helped guide the Scottish (though â€Å"Celtic† might be better since we need to include at least one Irishman in this list) Enlightenment and Common Sense movement of the 18th century. Cicerone's influence hung over Home, Burke, and Smith (Briber). Cicero also influenced a man named Giovanni Vice. A rhetorician also, in his days.Vice found inspiration for this theory in Cicero and the rhetorical tradition rather than in the philosophers and logicians. Most of what the Enlightenment era took from Cicero, was his thinking of natural law. He helped develop their systems, due to his also theory on rhetoric. Cicerone's main influence though, was during the Renaissance era. His Ciceronian influence was around and noticeable during the Renaissance, it was limited to a degree. Like the Enlightenment era, his influence during these times was derived from a very small number of his works. Most notably for both era's, De Invention (peg 43).Following the Greek sophists, Cicero represents language as the force that led humanity out of the wilderness into civilization, a political force through public speech that allowed peoples to make laws for themselves (peg. 149). This is directly associated with the Enlightenment era, because the Enlightenment era took language, and used it in argumentative rhetoric fashion. So, in essence the Enlightenment era used knowledge from the Renaissance era. Cicero, also had much influence on young philosophers/rhetoricians in the Renaissance era. Patriarch, used Cicero as a tool towards his own greatness.He studied Cicerone's readings and added them to his literary education. Cicerone's rhetoric was the key to Italy's return to greatness (peg. 1 52). Villa sought to broaden the conception of proper Latin beyond the model established by Cicero (peg. 154). So in turn, he used Cicero as a starting block, which most rhetoricians did in these days, and try to go beyond what he had started. Lastly, Cicero had effect on the two written books, A Treatise of Schemes and Tropes, The Art or Craft of Rhetoric, and The Rate of Rhetoric (peg. 159). These were all key pieces of rhetorical text in this day and age.All of which used Cicerone's views as a way to teach and provide information, in these books. I believe that rhetori c, was important as can be for these two periods. Not Just, Cicerone's views on rhetoric, but everyone's views that were important rhetoricians in this world, were used to shape those periods. I also, feel that at these times, the importance of education started to come about more. It would seem that at these times, people were better educated than in past years. In my personal opinion though, I think the Enlightenment era would be a personal favorite of mine.The season being the Enlightenment era was all about argumentation. The book explains on how, that in that time, they used rhetoric as a way to win arguments. In my mind that is pretty fascinating because I do believe arguments are necessary in life. I really enjoyed though, how both era's used Cicero. He is by far my favorite rhetorician, and I feel that it is why, the two era's were so successful and important in history. His views helped shaped two era's, and help them be successful, and in my mind these era's were very succ essful, at leading the future to where we are today. Work Cited:

The Authors Character in A Good Man is Hard to Find by...

â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a short story written by Flannery O’ Connor. O’Connor was an American writer whose writings always incorporated humor into a sad or devastating situation. Her collections include 31 short stories, two novels, and a couple of letters and speeches. O’Connor is most famous for her short story works. In numerous works of her, her conscious craftsmanship was revealed and also the devoted role that Roman Catholicism plays in her life (Flannery) O’ Connor was born the only child to her parents in Savannah, Georgia. Her father was a real estate agent and her mother was born into a very prominent family. When O’ Connor was twelve years old, her family moved back to her mothers hometown of Milledgeville, GA where†¦show more content†¦She reiterates the fact quite a bit through the duration of the story. The Misfit compares himself to Jesus. As The Misfit previously stated in the story, when he was growing up he was the type of child who had to know everything and exactly how it functioned and worked. He says that because he can not know whether Jesus did what people claim for him has made him (the Misfit) like he is. â€Å"The desire of the Misfit to know everything and his inability to confirm or deny Jesus story has created an intractable dilemma that consumes him (Woodiwis).† In the religious drama within the story, the Misfit acts as both Christ and anti-Christ figure. He compares himself to Christ, saying, It was the same case with Him as me, except He hadnt committed any crime and they could prove I had committed one because they had the papers on me ( ). Even though the Misfit cannot dedicate himself to either path, he recognizes that there are really only two alternatives in life: belief and disbelief. Inattention and indifference to faith, the position held by most of the characters in A Good Man Is Hard to Find and many in OConnors other stories, are unacceptable and ultimately untenable responses. There can be no question, however, of OConnors intent. The Misfit and his gun create a moment of redemption for the grandmother, albeit against her will. Despite his amorality, his actions extract from her a recognition born out ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On A Good Man Is Hard To Find851 Words   |  4 Pages Review on a story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery 0’Connor, a southern family planning a road trip to Florida portrays the hypocrisy of the society through their actions and dialogues. Major question that rose in the story was what is considered good and how there aren’t enough good men left in the world.† A social science major with several courses in English, O’Connor is remembered by her classmates as obviously gifted but extremely shy. HerRead MoreReview Of Flannery O Connor1228 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor of two novels and multiple classic short stories, Flannery O’Connor is widely regarded as one of the greatest fiction writers in American literature. However, as a Southern and devoutly Christian author in the 1950s, O’Connor was often criticized for the religious content and â€Å"grotesque† characters often incorporated into her works. They were considered too â€Å"brutal†, too â€Å"sarcastic.† (The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O Connor). O’Connor begged to differ. Through her essay, â€Å"Some AspectsRead MoreLiterary Elements found in Flannery O ´Connor ´s Story: A Good Man Is Hard to Find810 Words   |  3 Pagesto comprehend the perspectives of the author’s understanding toward an incident that one might experience. For instance in Flannery O’Connor’s short story, she uses many literary elements to express her views over most of her stories. O’Connor expresses her views in her short story, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† by using the literary elements of point of view, irony, and setting. O’Connor first expresses her views in her short story, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† by using the literary element of pointRead MoreEssay On The Misfit And The Grandmother1359 Words   |  6 Pagesargues that the Misfit and the Grandmother of Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard To Find† are ultimately the same character. Specifically, that the Misfit is the more evolved version of the Grandmother. Additionally, the article focuses on weakening of the Grandmother’s character on both the part of the reader, and of Flannery O’Connor herself; noting that it is purposeless to view the Grandmothers character superficially, as her true character lies beneath the mask of southern charm. The articleRead MoreComparing O Connor s A Good Man Is Hard911 Words   |  4 PagesDissecting O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, centers around a vacationing family of six. When the father of the household attempts to take the family to Florida, their trip is derailed by the grandmother’s desire to visit her childhood home. The grandmother leads the father down a back road in a heavily wooded area and at one point a wrong turn is taken and the family ends up crashing into an isolated ditch. After attemptingRead MoreQuestions for Critical Thinking1690 Words   |  7 PagesQuestions for Critical Thinking A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor 1) What is the grandmother’s attitude toward the South as opposed to the rest of her family’s attitude, particularly her grandson’s? How do you account for the difference? In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the grandmother’s attitude toward the South is that the â€Å"old South† was better than the current South. For example, in paragraph 14, John Wesley, the grandson, states â€Å"Let’s go through GeorgiaRead MoreTheme Of The Story A Good Man Is Hard To Find1097 Words   |  5 Pagesstory, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† a grandmother goes on vacation in Florida with her son and his family. She is wary of an escaped criminal who may possibly be there, but no one takes her worry into consideration. The family eventually comes face to face with the criminal and lose their lives because of it. In â€Å"A Worn Path,† an elderly woman begins a long and tiresome journey in an effort to reach a town to acquire medicine for her sick grandson. The stories â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† writtenRead MoreThe Grotesque Pursue Of Goodness2189 Words   |  9 PagesNorris ENGL 290 5 May 2016 The Grotesque Pursue of Goodness in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor â€Å"The great advantage of being a Southern writer is that we don’t have to go anywhere to look for manners; bad or good, we’ve got them in abundance. We in the South live in a society that is rich in contradiction, rich in irony, rich in contrast, and particularly rich in its speech† (Flannery O’Connor). Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in 1925 in a Catholic family in the south of the UnitedRead MoreEssay about flannery oconner: queen of irony1743 Words   |  7 Pages Flannery O’Connor: Queen of Irony The literary rebellion, known as realism, established itself in American writing as a direct response to the age of American romanticism’s sentimental and sensationalist prose. As the dominance of New England’s literary culture waned â€Å"a host of new writers appeared, among them Bret Harte, William Dean Howells, and Mark Twain, whose background and training, unlike those of the older generation they displaced, were middle-class and journalistic rather than genteelRead MoreThe Grotesque Of Grace And Its Implications On Morality1695 Words   |  7 PagesRai LIT 2020 11 March 2014 The Grotesque in Grace and its Implications on Morality Flannery O’Connor has been claimed an important figure and a social critic of the South for many years before and after her death. Her prose deals with questions of morality through reflections of her Roman Catholic faith. Correspondingly, her short stories and novels put the protagonists in shocking trials of God through characters or conflicts portrayed as, according to Davis J. Leigh, â€Å"distorted or exaggerated,†

What is The Authors Purpose

Heres your heads up for the day: most standardized tests have a reading comprehension section. Im fairly certain you knew that, but in case you didnt, youre welcome. What you may not have known is that in most reading comprehension sections, you will  be called upon to answer questions about the authors purpose, along with other concepts like main idea, vocabulary in context, inferences and more. If you have no idea what authors purpose means youre going to have a hard time finding it, huh? I thought so. Take a peek below to read a little more about this reading skill and how you can find it in those long reading passages on standardized tests.   Authors Purpose Practice Authors Purpose Basics The authors purpose is basically the reason he or she chose to act in a particular way, whether thats writing the passage, selecting a phrase, using a word, etc. It differs from the main idea in that authors purpose not the point youre supposed to get or understand; rather, its the why behind why the author picked up a pen or selected those words in the first place. It can be difficult to determine because, after all, you may not be inside the mind if the writer. You may not actually know why she or he chose to include a particular phrase or idea. The good news? The majority   of authors purpose questions will come in multiple choice format. So you wont have to come up with the reason for an authors behavior. Youll just need to select the best choice.   If youre trying to determine the authors purpose on a standardized test, your question may look a little something like this: 1. The author most likely mentions the Depression in lines 33 - 34 to:A. identify the primary purpose for Social Security.B. criticize FDRs adoption of a program that would run out of money.C. contrast the effectiveness of the Social Security Program with that of family care.D. list another factor that contributed to the need for the Social Security Program. Authors Purpose Key Words There are a few key words associated with the authors purpose. Often times, you can narrow down what an author was trying to accomplish by looking at the language he or she used while writing. Take a look at the words below. The bold word will be used in the answer choices. The phrase following the bold words is an explanation of what it really means when you see it. If you click on the How to Find the Authors Purpose below, youll see each of these phrases explained thoroughly so you can understand how to determine when each is being used in context.   Compare: Author wanted to show similarities between ideasContrast: Author wanted to show differences between ideasCriticize: Author wanted to give a negative opinion of an ideaDescribe/Illustrate: Author wanted to paint a picture of an ideaExplain: Author wanted to break down an idea into simpler termsIdentify/List: Author wanted to tell the reader about an idea or series of ideasIntensify: Author wanted to make an idea greaterSuggest: Author wanted to propose an idea If you can master these bad boys, then youll have a much easier time answering those reading comprehension questions on your next  standardized test, mostly because these key words are often used so very often in those questions! Bonus! How to Find The Authors Purpose Sometimes, reading for the authors purpose is as simple as just that; you read, and you figure out that the writer really hated the Red Sox and wanted to criticize the whole franchise. Other times, it isnt so simple, so its good to have a technique to guide you when youre looking!